Archaea (prokaryotic microbes) were first found in extreme environments, such as hydrothermal vents. Source: Wikipedia
Life began way back when the Earth was young. The remains of these early creatures were buried in mud and sand which eventually turned to stone, preserving the bodies of these animals as fossils. Some of these tiny microbes date back to over 3500 million years. Bearing in mind that the Earth is 4500 million years old.
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